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Classical
through pre-Romantic: reason [rule] will + passion
Romantic:
reason + emotion will
Freud:
reason + will + passion (or ego +superego + unconscious)
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Unconscious,
Pre-conscious, Conscious
a. the
conscious deals with awareness of present
perceptions, feelings, thoughts, memories,
fantasies at any particular
moment
b. the pre-conscious
is related to data that can readily be brought to
consciousness
c. the unconscious
refers to data retained but not easily available to the
individual's conscious awareness
or scrutiny.
1. a repository for
traumatic repressed memories;
2. the
source of anxiety-provoking drives, which are socially or ethically
unacceptable to the individual.
3. Unconscious
motivations are available to consciousness in a disguised
form. Dreams and slips of the tongue, for instance, are concealed examples
of unconscious content not confronted directly.
(Pointing to the evidence of wit, dreams, and so-called Freudian
slips, he demonstrated that one could reveal coherence and
significant meaning in aspects of human language and behavior previously
considered meaningless. Using such analytic tools, Freud and
his followers in many disciplines have decoded human culture.)
Freud endeavoured to explore
the unconscious by means of free association - a method which involves
allowing the subject to talk about whatever comes into their conscious
mind, however silly or trivial it may appear. Through the analysis of free
associations, dreams and early childhood memories, Freud tried to figure
out the basic elements of personality.
II. Id, Ego, Superego
There is a constant movement
of memories and impulses from one level to another.
a. Id: the unconscious
reservoir of drives, which are constantly active. Ruled by the pleasure
principle, the id demands immediate satisfaction of its urges, regardless
of undesirable effects (primitive, "wish fulfillment")
b. Ego: operates
mainly in conscious and preconscious levels, although it also
contains unconscious elements
because both the ego and the superego evolved from
the id. Ruled by the reality
principle, the ego takes care of the id urges as soon as the
adequate circumstance is
found. Inappropriate desires are not satisfied but repressed.
c. Superego:
censor on the ego functions and comprises the individual's
ideals derived from the
values of his family and society, being the source of guilty
feelings and fear of punishment
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Anxiety & Defense Mechanisms:
a. Repression
b. Projection
c. Denial
d. Displacement
e. Sublimation |
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